New diesel trucks (at least big, commercial ones) need to
meet certain EPA emission standards.
One way some trucks are meeting the N-oxide specification is
with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (
SCR) system that uses a Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (
DEF). DEF is a 32.5% mixture of
urea, (H
2N)
2,CO, and
water.
The process is pretty simple. The engine exhaust goes through a filter to
remove the carbon particulates (AKA soot).
The exhaust is then sent into the SCR where it is mixed with the DEF,
where the N-Oxides are converted to nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water.
I assume that the reaction would be:
2(H2N)2CO + 4NO + O2 = 4N2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O
If this works, it would be a pretty elegant solution to
nitrogen oxide emissions. I haven’t seen
any data, though.
It seems like it’s an awful lot to ask of a pretty
small reaction chamber.